Blood thinners

Blood thinners are medications that inhibit the clotting of blood. They are also often referred to as anticoagulants, which is more accurate. The blood does not become thinner; instead, these drugs prevent blood from clotting.

Types of blood thinners

Two groups of blood thinners are distinguished: mild and powerful. The less powerful antiplatelet medications are prescribed when the risk of clotting is relatively low.

The powerful group includes vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). VKAs inhibit the action of vitamin K, which is needed for the production of clotting factors in the blood.

Another group of powerful blood thinners is direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). These directly inhibit clotting proteins in the blood, such as thrombin. Powerful blood thinners are prescribed when the risk of blood clotting is increased.

What are blood thinners used for?

Blood thinners are prescribed when there is already thrombosis or when patients have an increased risk of blood clots. Examples include heart rhythm disorders and atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis).

In practice, blood thinners are regularly prescribed to prevent a new stroke or heart attack, ensuring that blood vessels do not become blocked again quickly. After surgery, blood thinners are also almost standard on the medication list.

What are possible side effects of blood thinners?

Side effects can occur and depend on the potency of the medication. With antiplatelet medications, side effects are generally limited to easy bruising (hematomas) and cuts that take longer to stop bleeding.

These side effects occur in about 10 to 30% of users. With the more potent VKA and DOAC variants, the same side effects apply, and there is also an increased risk of spontaneous stomach or intestinal bleeding.

Where are blood thinners available?

Blood thinners are available at the pharmacy. Antiplatelet medications come in tablet and powder form. VKAs and DOACs are only available in tablets. Finally, there are small injections with blood thinners; these are packaged individually and can be self-administered by patients.