Bursitis of the arm

Bursitis in the arm is a reaction of a bursa to damage. The bursa is a small sac filled with synovial fluid, located between the tendons and the bone. Its function is to prevent damage from friction. Damage that unfortunately still occurs is the result of trauma, overuse, or a bacterial infection.

There are several bursae in the arm. The bursa of the shoulder and the bursa of the elbow are the most commonly affected.

With inflammation, the bursa fills and causes local redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness. The inflammatory reaction itself is a process consisting of several consecutive events, in which the first phase aims to prevent further damage and to clear the harmful cells.

How does bursitis of the arm develop?

Bursitis of the arm can occur suddenly or gradually. In many cases, overuse is the cause. Bursitis of the arm is also often seen in students. This is the result of leaning on the elbows too much or too long. In everyday language, such bursitis is often referred to as student's elbow. Another possible cause is trauma, such as a blow or fall on the arm.

Sports in which the arm is used a lot, such as fitness, softball, or water polo, are activities in which bursitis of the arm occurs relatively often.

What are the symptoms of bursitis in the arm?

Swelling, warmth, and redness, as well as a limitation of movement of the elbow, are the most common symptoms. Pain is also frequently mentioned and is generally sharp. Leaning on the elbow will be virtually impossible due to the pain.

How is the diagnosis made?

In most cases, an interview and physical examination, performed by the family doctor or physical therapist, are sufficient to diagnose bursitis. Additional tests, for example ultrasound imaging or an MRI scan, can help to further map out the severity and possible cause, but are usually not necessary.

If a bacterial infection is suspected, the specialist can choose to take a sample of the fluid with a syringe and have the sample examined.

Treatment of bursitis of the arm

The treatment plan for bursitis of the arm is often twofold:

1. The (acute) inflammatory symptoms will be reduced where possible with rest and, if necessary, anti-inflammatories.
2. Another important intervention is exercise therapy.

As soon as the elbow can bear load again, the physical therapist can prescribe exercises to improve mobility and strengthen the surrounding muscles. Other treatment interventions that can be applied include massage, stretching, and joint mobilizations.