Neurologist

A neurologist is a medical specialist who deals with conditions of the nervous system. These include problems affecting the brain and nerves in the body.

The neurologist focuses on conditions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system consists of the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves found in the limbs and torso.

Problems treated by a neurologist include loss of strength or sensation, brain and nerve diseases, headaches and epilepsy. Common conditions include Parkinson's disease and carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition affecting the hand.

Visiting the neurologist

During a visit, the neurologist asks about the symptoms. This is followed by a physical examination involving various tests to detect abnormalities in the nervous system.

A well-known neurological test is the patellar reflex. The tendon below the kneecap is tapped with a small hammer to elicit a reflex. Normally, the knee extends as a result. If there is a problem with the nerves involved in the reflex, the extension does not occur. This tells the neurologist that something is wrong.

If necessary, additional testing may be performed. This takes place in another department of the hospital or clinic, and a separate appointment is often made. Examples of additional tests in neurology include an EMG, MRI scan or CT scan.

Treatment

The neurologist then starts treatment or refers the patient to another health care provider. This may be another doctor, such as an orthopaedic surgeon or neurosurgeon, if a herniated disc or carpal tunnel syndrome must be operated on.

A speech-language pathologist can help with speech or swallowing problems. A physiotherapist may help with rehabilitation after a spinal cord injury, stroke or Parkinson's disease. Sometimes medications are required as part of the treatment.